Tumor Invasion-inhibiting Factor 2: Primary Structure and Inhibitory Effect on Invasion in Vitro and Pulmonary Metastasis of Tumor Cells1

The primary structure of tumor invasion-inhibiting factor 2 (IIF-2) purified from bovine liver (A. Isoai et al., Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 81: 909914,1990) was determined. A computer homology search of the National Biomedicai Research Foundation data bank revealed that IIF-2 is iden tical to the iarhoY\ I-terminal region, residue number [69-89], of high mobility group 17 which is a DNA-binding non-histone protein. IIF-2 synthesized by an automated peptide synthesizer showed similar invasioninhibitory activity as compared with the purified factor, when tested with the monolayer invasion assay system using highly invasive rat ascites tumor cells. When examined with the other in vitro assay systems using a modified Boyden chamber, the synthetic IIF-2 suppressed the chemotactic migration of highly metastatic B16 melanoma (B16FE7) cells to fibronectin or laminin and invasion through Matrigel. The IIF-2 inhibited neither the cell proliferation nor the binding of cells to fibronectin or Matrigel and also showed no significant inhibition of M, 90,000 type IV collagenase (gelatinase) obtained from human schwannoma (YST-3) cells. The formation of lung colonies in mice given injections of B16FE7 and Lewis lung carcinoma cells was significantly reduced by the coinjection of the IIF-2. These results suggest that IIF-2 suppresses tumor invasion by impairing cell motility and inhibits the migration of metas tasi/ini' cells through extracellular matrix (extravasation steps) following their arrest in the capillary bed of the lung in vivo.